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● sold, in private collections  in France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and the United States                                                   

Vestige Series  Part of my current idea originated with this early series. At the time, I was interested in challenging a viewer’s perception of a flat rectangle hanging on a wall. I still am. I wanted to make the viewer believe the surface was not flat. Instead, you were intended to see a series of articulated planes suspended in air and whose color and form were defined and articulated by the sun’s rays passing through filters before hitting the planes.  This interaction between man and nature was explored via my mental three dimensional constructs viewed under an intense light source and through rectangular filters of varying opaque and color qualities. The operative word was mental for these constructs as their interactions existed only in my mind. The vestige painting are those afterimages.   Articulated planes of different depth are still major elements  in the implementation of the idea.  Emphasis on light is definitely still part of the idea.  These paintings should be classified as representational art.  They represented what I was seeing in my mind. Their abstract qualities came from the nature of the subject matter.